What is roseola infantum?

Roseola infantum is a common viral infection that mainly affects young children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years old. It is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and less commonly by human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7).

The symptoms of roseola infantum usually begin with a high fever (often over 103°F or 39.4°C) for 3 to 7 days, which is often accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat, runny nose, and mild cough. Once the fever subsides, a characteristic rash develops on the trunk and neck that spreads to the arms and legs, but usually not on the face. The rash consists of small pink or red bumps that may merge together and disappear within a few hours to a few days.

There is no specific treatment for roseola infantum, but the fever can be managed with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. It is important to keep the child well hydrated and comfortable. Antibiotics are not helpful in treating roseola since it is caused by a virus.

Most cases of roseola infantum resolve on their own within 7 to 10 days. The infection usually provides lifelong immunity, so reinfection is uncommon. However, in rare cases, roseola can lead to serious complications in infants with weak immune systems. If the child develops seizures, has difficulty breathing, or shows signs of dehydration, seek medical attention immediately.